Major impurity refers to situations where performing a ritual bath (Ghusl) becomes obligatory.

Causes of Major Impurity

1. Discharge of Semen

 Whether it is discharged intentionally or unintentionally, taking a ritual bath (Ghusl) becomes obligatory. Masturbation is prohibited in Islam.

2. Insertion of the Male Genital Organ into the Female Private Part

If penetration occurs, even without ejaculation, Ghusl becomes mandatory. However, during arousal or moments of excitement, a thin secretion (Madhi - pre-ejaculatory fluid) may appear at the tip of the genital organ. This is considered impure, and washing the affected area is required, but a full bath (Ghusl) is not necessary.

3. Menstrual Blood (Haidh)

• Menstruation is the blood that is discharged from a woman’s uterus at certain times.The minimum period for menstruation is one day. The usual duration is six to seven days, but it can extend up to fifteen days in some cases. There must be at least 15 days of purity between two menstrual cycles. Any bleeding outside these limits is considered abnormal bleeding (Istihadha) and not menstruation.

4. Childbirth (Postpartum Bleeding - Nifas)

Giving birth itself causes major impurity. After childbirth, a woman remains in a state of impurity until the postpartum bleeding stops, after which she must perform the ritual bath. Postpartum bleeding typically lasts up to 40 days, but in some cases, it can extend up to 60 days.

5. Death

When a Muslim passes away, it is the obligation of the living Muslims to perform the ritual washing of the deceased. If the body is not washed, the entire community is considered sinful.

Actions Forbidden in a State of Major Impurity

The actions that are prohibited due to minor impurity also remain prohibited in a state of major impurity. In addition, the following actions are strictly forbidden:

• Reciting the Qur’an (even from memory).

• Staying inside a mosque (passing through a mosque is permitted, but staying inside is not).• Having sexual penetrations while a woman is menstruating or experiencing postpartum bleeding.